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氏名 所属 研究者番号 研究テーマ名 備考
Bilguun Enkhbold Graduate of School of International Resource Sciences Department of Geosciences, Geotechnology & Material Engineering for Resources, Akita University The research study of slope stability the internal dump waste rock of coal mine, to estimate the environmental and economical efficiency Mineral Economics and Mining InformaticsThe research study of waste rock slope stability to consider by facts which is possibility on parameters. Re-plan the mining area, the appropriate dump impacts, to estimate of economic efficiency and discuss mining environmental measures. A study will conducted to assess the extend to which internal dump stabilization has affected the entire mine and the current impact in the future. First of all, study is going to modelling on Rock science research study which has to discuss numerical simulation on Slide v.6 software.
The research study of slope stability the internal dump waste rock of coal mine, to estimate the environmental and economical efficiency
Richard Lein Graduate of School of International Resource Sciences Department of Geosciences, Geotechnology & Material Engineering for Resources, Akita University Geothermal Potential of railroad tracks Currently plans are made to construct a Horizontal ground heat exchanger below railroad tracks on a side track in rural Germany.
Geothermal EnergyHorizontal Ground Heat exchangers (HGHE) can be used to provide climate friendly heating and cooling. However, a downside of this technology is that HGHE require a lot of space. Railroad tracks cover a lot of space in many cities where HGHEs could potentially be installed. In countries like Japan where space is very limited, particularly in cities, using this land can provide an alternative option to expensive drilling. This space can be used to provide heating and cooling for different consumers like stations or switch points. Especially when combined with other constructions on the railroad money can be saved by combining the projects. It is planned to construct a HGHE below a railroad in Germany and use the energy provided for heating a nearby railroad switch point. Said project will be constructed in combination with the partly renewal of the railroad track. The data from this project will be used for the evaluation and creation of a model to investigate the geothermal potential. In addition, the cooling capacity, which is not needed for switch points, will also be measured for a certain time to evaluate the potential as well.
Currently plans are made to construct a Horizontal ground heat exchanger below railroad tracks on a side track in rural Germany.
Masaya Koseki Graduate of School of International Resource Sciences Department of Geosciences, Geotechnology & Material Engineering for Resources, Akita University Study on differentiation of epithermal precious metal mineralization Economic Geology (especially, hydrothermal vein-type Cu-Pb-Zn and Au-Ag deposits by means of field survey, optical microscopy, fluid inclusions microthermometry, laman spectrometry and XRD), Igneous rock petrology (by means of XRF, SEM, EPMA including melt inclusion interpretation), GeochemistryEpithermal metal deposits are globally distributed at collision and subduction settings in volcanic arc. This style of deposits that are located in Japan is divided into Au-Ag enriched type and Base-metal enriched (especially, Cu, Pb and Zn) type. In general, Au is transported as sulfide complex and Ag, Base-metal are transported as chloride complex in hydrothermal ore-forming fluid. These deposits are hosted by or abut Miocene to Pleistocene felsic to intermediate igneous activity. One hypothesis is inspected that factor of mineralization selectivity is derived from igneous activity and from its volatile content (especially chlorine and sulfur) of magma as the example of the Kitami Cu-Pb-Zn deposit and the Kitano-o Au-Ag deposit in the Kitami region, Hokkaido, the Arakawa Cu deposit in Akita prefecture and the Hishikari Au-Ag deposit in Kagoshima prefecture. The research method is including fluid inclusion microthermometry by using transparent mineral hosted fluid inclusion, microprobe analysis of volatile elements by the target of phenocryst hosted melt inclusion and apatite in ore forming related igneous rocks, and MELTS simulation to decide crystallizing stage of each melt inclusion hosted minerals.
Koseki M., Watanabe Y., Aoki S., Satori S., Echigo T. (June, 2022) Factors of deposit-concentrated metal elements determination in epithermal mineralization around the Kitami region, Hokkaido, Japan. On-site Oral Session, The 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Resource Geology, Tokyo, JapanThe result of fluid inclusion microthermometry analysis support the previous study that report base-metal vein was formed by high salinity fluid (5.1 wt.% NaCl eq.) and Au-Ag vein was formed by low salinity fluid (1.9 wt.% NaCl eq.). As the result of XRF analysis, Kitami deposit was formed by dacitic melt (66.1 wt.% SiO2) and Kitano-o deposit was formed by rhyolitic melt (73.9 wt.% SiO2). As the result of EPMA analysis, each magmatic apatite formed by dacitic and rhyolitic melt recorded same Cl content of each melt (0.43 – 0.85 wt.%) calculated from mineral-melt partition coefficient. As the discussion, there are 2 possibilities that contribute the meneralisation selectivity: one is the value of partition coefficient of strongly pressure and SiO2 content depended on Cl is different due to the different depth of ore forming fluid separation, the other one is the Cl/S ratio in each melt is different.
Syaiful Hilal Graduate of School of International Resource Sciences Department of Geosciences, Geotechnology & Material Engineering for Resources, Akita University The geology, geochronology, and geochemistry of Pongkor Epithermal System, West Java, Indonesia Economic MineralsRecent data will clarify further the geological and hydrothermal evolution in Pongkor epithermal system. The research is aimed to explain the ore genesis in Pongkor through several analysis such as fluid inclusion to describe the vein deposition, sulphur isotopes analysis can define the characteristics of the ore-forming fluids, Ar/Ar or K/Ar dating to determing the age of mineralisation. The analysis will be conducted on different vein types/ore shoot to determine the control for the occurrence of bonanza in the Pongkor epithermal system.
Rinaldi Ikhram Graduate of School of International Resource Sciences Department of Geosciences, Geotechnology & Material Engineering for Resources, Akita University PETROLOGY AND GEOCHRONOLOGY OF DISMEMBERED OPHIOLITE IN CILETUH M?LANGE, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA PETROLOGY AND VOLCANOLOGYCiletuh Mélange Complex in West Java, Indonesia, is known as a particular and complex geological phenomena and considered one of the key locations in the reconstruction of Indonesias tectonic history. This area has a unique geology that is exposure of ophiolite and metamorphic rocks of Early Cenozoic age. Sukamto (1975), in Jampang and Balekambang Geological Map Sheet classified these rocks complex into three units of Pre-Tertiary rock, namely Pasir Luhur, Mount Beas and Citirem Formation. The outcrops seems chaotic and mixed up. Those geological situation have led to a group of rocks called mélange (Thayyib, et al., 1977) or olitostrom (Satyana, 2014). In this area, mélange complex composed by the group of ultramafic rocks (ophiolite relatives), a group of metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rock group of the deep ocean and continental sedimentary rock group. All these rocks found as blocks of various size, embedded in the matrix of shale (scally-clay), and the relationship of each unit as a fault contact.

However, the detail for the information regarding these particular rocks especially ophiolites, is relatively rare. Therefore, in order to complete
However, the detail for the information regarding these particular rocks especially ophiolites, is relatively rare. Therefore, in order to complete Indonesias tectonic puzzle pieces, this thesis will discuss particularly the ophiolite group including peridotites and gabbros. The discussion in this study will focus on petrology, geochemistry and petrotectonic of Ciletuh’s ophiolites to reconstruct the tectonic history of Ciletuh Mélange.
The aims of this study are:
1.to better determine the geochemical characteristics (whole rock, trace elements and REE) and isotopes of serpentinized peridotite and gabbro in Ciletuh. This analysis was conducted to identify the characters of the magma source(s) and possible contaminant(s), and those of the parental magmas.
2.to investigate the tectonic evolution of the Ciletuh ophiolite in terms of spatial changes using paleomagnetic and geochronology using K-Ar age dating.


A total of 16 samples were brought from Indonesia, consisting of peridotites and gabbros. These samples will be prepared for such as: petrography, SEM-EDS, EPMA, and whole rock geochemistry analysis to obtain provisional results.
Wildan Nur Hamzah Graduate of School of International Resource Sciences Department of Geosciences, Geotechnology & Material Engineering for Resources, Akita University Magmatic Processes which Triggered Mt. Ciremai Explosive Eruption Petrology volcanologyThis work provides new insight into the magmatic processes that triggered the eruption style of Mt. Ciremai explosive eruption. The tephra layer information of each eruption episode including non-historical and historical eruptions is gotten from a geological map, volcano-stratigraphy, and eruption history reports. The detailed stratigraphic log records the internal structure of the tephra layer for each episode and takes the sample of each tephra layer of each episode. The approach in this study involves a detailed stratigraphic log (different color, thickness, grain size, and internal structure), grain size sieving, grain content analysis (material assemblage and shape), and a description of the petrological variation of juvenile and non-juvenile material. It observes the texture and material proportion using a polarizer microscope and BSE-image from SEM (mineral fraction, bubble fraction, melt fraction, crystal size distribution, bubble size distribution, crystal density, bubble density, and broken crystal shape distribution). The chemical studies analyze the whole rocks of juvenile material by XRF approach and mineral chemistry by EPMA approach. Integration of textural analysis with mineral chemistry study is used to explain magmatic processes in the volcanic conduit system that triggered the explosive eruption episode.
Kelebogile Phili Akita University Faculty of International Resource Sciences About the genesis of gold mineralization of the Tati and Vumba Greenstone Belts of NE Botswana, using the mineralogy, geochemistry and alteration patterns of host rocks. Methods include fluid inclusion micro thermometry, stable isotopes studies and other geochemical analytical methods Economic GeologyZimbabwe Craton in Botswana is separated into 3 complexes; Mosetse Complex, Motloutse Complex and Francistown Granite-Greenstone Complex (Tombale, 1992)
Area: 60 000 km? (Carney et al., 1994)
Consists of a total of 4 greenstone belts (Kampunzu et al., 2003)
Zimbabwe Craton in Botswana is separated into 3 complexes; Mosetse Complex, Motloutse Complex and Francistown Granite-Greenstone Complex (Tombale, 1992)
Area: 60 000 km? (Carney et al., 1994)
Consists of a total of 4 greenstone belts (Kampunzu et al., 2003)

SELF INTRODUCTION PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Invisible gold
Arsenopyrite
Pyrite
PROFILE
MSc RESEARCH
INTRODUCTION
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
METHODOLOGY
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Ph.D RESEARCH
MOTIVATION FOR RESEARCH
Name: Kelebogile Phili
Country: Botswana
Contact: +267 76242950
Email: kels.phili@gmail.com
Department: Geosciences, Geotechnology, and Materials Engineering for Resources
Supervisor: Prof. Ryohei Takahashi
Education:
Present - Akita University Ph.D student
2017-2021 - BIUST (MSc Geology)
2012-2015 - University of Leicester ( BSc Hons Geology with Geophysics)
Employment History:
2017-2021 - Teaching assistant (BIUST)
2015 - Field assistant (Rio Tinto)
Languages: Fluent in both Setswana and English
Research Field: Economic geology, Geochemistry, Greenstone belt hosted gold deposits
Research Theme: Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Alteration patterns of the Tati and Vumba Greenstone Belts of NE Botswana
Keywords: gold, invisible gold, arsenopyrite, pyrite
Publications:
Multistage gold mineralization events in the Archean Tati greenstone Belt, northeast Botswana: Constraints from integrative white mica Ar/Ar, garnet U-Pb and sulfides Pb/Pb geochronology. Precambrian Research, (November 2020)
MSc Research: MINERALOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND ALTERATION PATTERNS OF THE MAP NORA, GOLDEN EAGLE AND MUPANE DEPOSITS IN THE TATI GREENSTONE BELT OF NE BOTSWANA

Presented by: Kelebogile Phili
Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences
Faculty of Science, BIUST

INTRODUCTIONZimbabwe Craton in Botswana is separated into 3 complexes; Mosetse Complex, Motloutse Complex and Francistown Granite-Greenstone Complex (Tombale, 1992)
Area: 60 000 km? (Carney et al., 1994)
Consists of a total of 4 greenstone belts (Kampunzu et al., 2003)Adapted from McCourt et al. (2004 and references therein)
FRANCISTOWN GRANITE GREENSTONE COMPLEXConsists of 3 greenstone belts; the Tati, Vumba and Maitengwe Greenstone Belts (Carney et al., 1994)
The Complex comprises occurrences of Au, Ni-Cu (e.g. Selkirk and Phoenix deposits) and minor Ag, Cr and W mineralization (Carney et al., 1994)
Adapted from Tombale (1992)
TATI GREENSTONE BELT
Study area: TGB located NE of Botswana
Typical Archean greenstone belt
Forms part of the SW margin of the Zimbabwe Craton (Tombale, 1992)
TGB is characterised by: mainly greenschist facies, and minor amphibolite facies rocks (Tombale, 1992)
Deposit type: conforms to Archean lode gold or orogenic gold style of mineralisation
Estimated to have produced over 640,606.00 oz Au at an average 2.19g/t (Glanvill et al., 2011)

Adapted from Dossing et al. (2009)
PROJECT AIM AND OBJECTIVES
This research aimed to constrain the genesis of gold mineralisation in the Map Nora, Mupane and Golden Eagle deposits using;
Mineralogy (mineral textures, paragenesis)
Mineral chemistry (sulphide compositions)
Alteration patterns related to gold mineralisation.
Type of investigation
Purpose　Type of sample　Field work　Optical microscopy　XRD (x-ray diffraction)　?XRF (micro x-ray fluorescence)　SEM (scanning electron microscope)　EPMA (electron probe micro analysis)　LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation inductivity coupled plasma- mass spectrometry)　-detailed description of host rocks and samples
-style of mineralization　- mineral assemblages and textures　- clarity on the alteration mineral assemblages
- distribution of elements in sulphides　- micro texture　- micro texture
- major element constituents
- mineral composition of Au ( gold fineness calculations)- trace element constituents
- mode of occurrence of Au　Mineralised and altered rock and drill core samples　Thin sections　Pulverised whole rock samples
Thin sections
RESULTS: Host Rocks
Mupane Tau
Quartz-carbonate- altered graphitic units
Graphitic schists
Graphite- garnet schist
Shashe deposits
Amphibolites (foliated and non foliated)
Silicified biotite schists (less silicification than in Mupane)
Biotite schists (carbonate rich)

TGB: Alteration
XRD- propyllitic alteration mineral assemblage equivalent to greenschist facies mineral assemblage
Other types alteration include widespread
pervasive carbonatization
silicification
Gold mineralization is not associated with metamorphic minerals (amphiboles)
RESULTS: Style of mineralisation
Veins/ stockworks
Disseminations (aligned along schistosity for the Shashe deposits)
Massive (po) (Mupane Tau deposit only)

Mode of Au Occurrence- Visible Gold
Stage1: Electrum inclusions in sphalerite; electrum and sulphide (po, sp, gn) intergrowths; matrix sited electrum

Stage2: Native gold inclusions in apy and native gold and apy intergrowths

Stage3: Native gold and electrum in open space filling
Mode of Au Occurrence- Invisible Gold
Inferred solubility limit for invisible Au in Pyrite
Pyrite and arsenian-pyrite from both Shashe and Mupane Tau deposits plot below the inferred solubility limit for Au
Suggests that Au occurs as solid solution (Au+1) in pyrite rather than as nano particle inclusions (Au?)
However nano particle inclusions are also likely
TRDP- generally flat/smooth with little peaks
Metal and Fluid Sources: Pyrite Chemistry
Pyrite/ metal source
Mainly pyrite of hydrothermal origin (arsenic-rich pyrite)
Accessory pyrite of sedimentary origin (arsenic-poor pyrite)
2 stage growth
By inference gold in pyrite (which is a metal carrier) is of hydrothermal and minor sedimentary origin

Source of fluids
Elevated Bi and Te which is indicative of pyrite from magmatic derived fluids
Follow Bi/Te trend of other deposits from magmatic derived fluids (Mathieu, 2019)
Gold precipitation process(es)
Sulphidation of Fe-rich host rock

Fe?O? + 3HAu(HS)? + 1/4 O? = 3Au + 3FeS? + 41/2+H2O


precipitates iron sulphide
and destabilizing complexed Au
this explains close spatial association of gold and iron sulphide in TGB
MOTIVATION FOR PhD RESEARCH
Zoned arsenopyrite and the different sulphide textures (detailed mineralogical and geochemical analyses required)
Only arsenopyrite thermometry was used for MSc (chlorite and sphalerite geothermometers and fluid inclusion microthermometry required)
Types of fluids have to be constrained (magmatic vs metamorphic) using stable isotopes and fluid inclusion studies.
BIF hosted sulphides of the Tholo and the Kwena subzone of the Mupane deposits.
Bagai et al. (2002) had previously proposed a geological link between the TGB and the Vumba Greenstone Belt (VGB) (this has never been investigated)
The Ph.D research would aim to reveal the genesis of gold mineralisation in the TGB and VGB on the basis of the mineralogical and geochemical data as well as alteration patterns of the host rocks.
REFERENCES
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Bajwah, Z. U., Seccombe, P. K., & Offler, R. (1987). Trace element distribution, Co:Ni ratios and genesis of the big cadia iron-copper deposit, new south wales, australia. Mineralium Deposita, 22(4), 292–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00204522
Baldock, J. W., Hepworth, J. V., & Marengwa, B. S. I. (1977). Resources inventory of Botswana: metallic minerals, mineral fuels, and diamonds. Mineral Resource Report, Geological Survey of Botswana, 4, 69pp.
Bineli Betsi, T., Mokane, L., McFarlane, C., Phili, K., & Kelepile, T. (2020). Multistage gold mineralization events in the Archean Tati greenstone Belt, northeast Botswana: Constraints from integrative white mica Ar/Ar, garnet U-Pb and sulfides Pb/Pb geochronology. Precambrian Research, 339(November 2019), 105623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105623
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Brill, B. A. (1989). Trace-element contents and partitioning of elements in ore minerals from the CSA Cu-Pb-Zn Deposit, Australia, and implications for ore genesis. The Canadian Mineralogist, 27(2), 263–274.
Carney, J. N., Aldiss, D. T., & Lock, N. P. (1994). The Geology of Botswana. Geological Survey Botswana, Bulletin37, 17-29 pp.
Baldock, J. W., Hepworth, J. V., & Marengwa, B. S. I. (1977). Resources inventory of Botswana: metallic minerals, mineral fuels, and diamonds. Mineral Resource Report, Geological Survey of Botswana, 4, 69pp.
Carney, J. N., Aldiss, D. T., & Lock, N. P. (1994). The Geology of Botswana. Geological Survey Botswana, Bulletin37, 17-29 pp.
D?ssing, L. N., Frei, R., Stendal, H., & Mapeo, R. B. M. (2009). Characterization of enriched lithospheric mantle components in ~2.7 Ga Banded Iron Formations: An example from the Tati Greenstone Belt, Northeastern Botswana. Precambrian Research, 172(3–4), 334–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2009.06.004
Glanvill, J., Mungoshi, J., Sexton, J., & Reichardt, M. (2011). Independent Technical Report on the Mupane Gold Mine.
Kampunzu, A. B., Tombale, A. R., Zhai, M., Bagai, Z., Majaule, T., & Modisi, M. P. (2003). Major and trace element geochemistry of plutonic rocks from Francistown, NE Botswana: evidence for a Neoarchaean continental active margin in the Zimbabwe craton. Lithos, 71(2–4), 431–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(03)00125-7
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Mathieu, L. (2019). Detecting magmatic-derived fluids using pyrite chemistry?: Example of the Chibougamau area , Abitibi Subprovince , Québec. Ore Geology Reviews, 114(May), 103127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103127
McCourt, S., Kampunzu, A. B., Bagai, Z., & Armstrong, R. A. (2004). The crustal architecture of Archaean terranes in Northeastern Botswana. South African Journal of Geology, 107(1–2), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.2113/107.1-2.147
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Tadesse, S., Bagai, Z., Motisisi, T., Keotshotse, T., Kenalemang, T., & Mabechu, B. (2011). Genesis of banded iron Formation-related Gold mineralization at the Mupane Gold Mine, Tati Greenstone Belt, Botswana. International Journal of Scientific Research, 1, 73–85.
Tombale, A. R. (1992). The geology, geochemistry and metallogeny of the Tati Greenstone Belt, Northeastern Botswana. PhD thesis, Memorial University, New Foundland, P.384+appendix and maps.






























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